Formulemes as a translation issue: a case study of English and Ukrainian

The present article focuses on exploring formulemes in English and Ukrainian from a translatological perspective. multiword units under study constitute specific type of clichés alongside nickname clichés, termemes sentencemes. distinctive characteristic this class phrasemes is that they designate ritualized speech act which correlates with an internal state the speaker, moment time, or event affairs. Formulemes are to be regarded as hyponym formulaic sequences formulas viewed, turn, units. Depending whether source language formuleme’s formal and/or semantic constituents fully partially retained target language, may rendered literally using translation shifts. If form meaning identical those its counterpart, word-for-word used, which, however, proves infrequent occurrence English-to-Ukrainian Ukrainian-to-English translation. Far more common cases when non-identical so shift takes place. three basic shifts employed rendering found metaphoric transformation, explicitation antonymic In addition techniques mentioned, contextual occasionally possible conditioned by pragmatics act.